The art of expressing ideas through the selection of appropriate typefaces!
Where did the word "typography" originate from?
Greek- typos- (form) & -graphy (writing)
What does typography involve?
Illustrative techniques; spacing, line thickness, line space, etc.
What is a typeface?
Distinctive designs of visual symbols that are used to compose a printed image/design
What is another term for typeface?
FONTS!
What is a character?
Individual symbols that make up a typeface; letters, numerals, and punctuation marks
What is type style?
Modifications in a typeface that create design variety while maintaining the visual style of the typeface; bold, italic, condensed, roman, heavy
What does type style "create" within a design?
Creates consistency and variety of interest
What is the waist line and what does it indicate?
Imaginary line drawn at the middle of the characters
What is a base line and what does it indicate?
Imaginary line drawn at the bottom of the characters
What is an ascender?
The part of the character that extends above the waist line
What is a descender?
The part of the character that extends below the base line
Describe a serif?
Smaller line used to finish off a main stroke of a letter, usually at the top and bottom of a character
How can the size of the typeface be identified?
Point size- the vertical measurement used to identify the size of a typeface; top of the ascender to the bottom of the descender
What is a point?
Unit that measures point size
How many points are in an inch?
72 points
What is a pica and how many are in an inch?
6 picas/inch
How many points are in a pica?
12 points
What is body type and where can it be found?
Type sizes that range from 4 point through 12 point type; found in places where there is a lot of text to be read
What is the key to selecting appropriate typefaces to be used as body type?
Readability!
What is display type and how is it used?
Type sizes above 12 points. Typically used to draw attention to a message (headlines, subheadlines, etc.)
What is reverse type and when would it be used?
Consists of white type on a solid black or darker color background; if text too small, reverse type can be difficult on the reader's eye; necessary
What is a typeface classification?
A basic system for categorizing typefaces
When was Blackletter invented and how was it used?
Earliest of the typefaces, used in the mid-1400s with the invention of the printing press
Describer the characteristics of a Blackletter typeface?
Resemble the calligraphy of the time and are highly ornamental and elaborate thick to thin strokes
When was Old Style invented and what was is based on?
15th-16th century by Renaissance; based on ancient Roman inscriptions and was created to replace Blackletter typefaces
Describe the characteristics of an Old Style typeface?
Wedge-shaped, angled serifs and a low contrast of their thick/thin strokes
When were formal scripts developed?
Developed from formal writings of the 17th and 18th centuries' handwriting masters; lend a formal quality to a composition
When were casual scripts developed?
Developed in the 20th century!
Describe the characteristics of a Script typeface?
Based on forms made with flexible brushes or pens and have varied strokes reminiscent of handwriting; should not be used as small body text
When was Modern typefaces developed and why?
Developed in the late 18th and 19th centuries as a radical break from the traditional typography of the time
Describe the characteristics of a Modern typeface?
Sharp contrast between thick and thin strokes and have thin, flat serifs
How early can Sans Serif typefaces be found? What happened?
Found as early as the 5th century, however, the Italian Renaissance return to Old Style made the Sans Serif classification obsolete in the 20th century
When did they become popular?
The 1920s!
What does "sans serif" mean?
"Without serifs"
Describe the characteristics of a Sans Serif typeface?
The strokes are uniform in weight and have a monotone appearance
When was Slab Serif developed and why?
The 19th century for advertising
Describe the characteristics of a Slab Serif typeface?
Uniform line weight and thicker, square serifs
Describe Decorative typefaces?
Have the most distinctive design style; includes a variety of typefaces and are typically those that don't belong to other classifications; may incorporate pictures of objects, animals
Why were they developed?
Developed with a specific purpose, or theme, in mind
What are they best used for?
Best used for larger point sizes, or display type
Happy almost-December! :-)
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